Student Press Quiz

Incorrect. The First Amendment protects all journalists, including students. Freedom of the press is super important! So important that it's one of the five rights listed in the First Amendment. Press is also the only career that's specifically protected by the Constitution.

Correct! The First Amendment protects all journalists, including students. Freedom of the press is super important! So important that it's one of the five rights listed in the First Amendment. Press is also the only career that's specifically protected by the Constitution.

Incorrect. Just because a school has a student-run newspaper, that doesn't mean school administrators can always control what can and can't be published. A lot of it comes down to whether your publication is a Limited Public Forum--in other words, how independent your publication it is. The more independent your paper is, the less the school can control what goes into it. You'll see some elements to help figure out if your paper is a limited public forum in the next question.

Correct! Just because a school has a student-run newspaper, that doesn't mean school administrators can always control what can and can't be published. A lot of it comes down to whether your publication is a Limited Public Forum--in other words, how independent your publication it is. The more independent your paper is, the less the school can control what goes into it. You'll see some elements to help figure out if your paper is a limited public forum in the next question.

Incorrect. If a teacher or adviser has to review articles before they're published, it's less independent, so less likely to be a limited public forum. The school has more control over reviewing what goes into a paper if it has to be checked for a grade.

Correct! If a newspaper funds itself, it is much more independent, meaning the school gets less say in how it is run. This makes it more likely to be a limited public forum.

Correct! Meeting after school hours means the decisions are made by students on their own time, so the school will have less say over what goes into the paper. This makes it more likely to be a limited public forum.

Correct! All newspapers should have a system of checks for spelling mistakes, grammar, etc., but if students are the ones deciding what articles go into the paper and what stories they will cover, the newspaper is more likely to be independent. This makes it more likely to be a limited public forum.

Incorrect. Be careful of the wording here! A non-public forum means the newspaper is more considered more privately run, meaning the school has quite a bit more a say over what goes into the paper. If the written policy says that the newspaper is NOT a limited public forum, believe it.

Incorrect. Even though it is always a good idea to get permission from a student's parents, you don't invade the student's privacy as long as she knew you were writing the story and she gave you permission to do so.

Incorrect. FERPA is a law that protects student education records from being revealed by the school. A student's ADHD diagnosis might be part of that record, but since the reporter gets the information from the student herself, rather than the school, FERPA does not apply.

Correct! A person can only sue for invasion of privacy if you publish private information about that that would be offensive if it got out. Usually, medical records are private, but if the student tells you about her diagnosis voluntarily and seems to be talking about it to others, it's not a private fact anymore. Since she gave you permission to write the article, she knew it was going to be disclosed.

Incorrect. Just because someone is your friend, that doesn't mean you can't invade their privacy. If she had told you about her diagnosis and expected you to keep it secret and then you published the story, that would break her trust and violate her privacy because she didn't expect the information to be disclosed.

Incorrect. Someone can sue for libel any time you publish false information about them that hurts their reputation. Just because an article is written by a student doesn't mean they are immune from this standard.

Correct! Someone can sue for libel any time you publish false information about them that hurts their reputation. Just because an article is written by a student doesn't mean they are immune from this standard.

Incorrect. Just giving credit to the creator of the work isn't enough. The owner/creator of the work gets full say over how and when their art is used, even if it's just a picture. You can still violate copyright by posting that image without the creator's permission.

Correct! This is the best option. The owner of a copyright can give you permission to use the work. This is the most surefire way to make sure you're not infringing copyright!

Incorrect. Just giving credit or linking to the original isn't enough. The owner/creator of the work gets full say over how and when their art is used, even if it's just a picture. You can still violate copyright by posting that image without the creator's permission.

Incorrect. While this is a good way to avoid copyright infringement, we also want to encourage creativity. If you can get permission from the person who posted the picture on Instagram, there's no reason not to use the work.

Correct! You get a copyright the moment you create something that has some small amount of creativity and is fixed in a tangible medium. In this case, the student photographer had a copyright to his pictures the moment he clicked his camera. Since he was the one who put in the creativity to frame and take the picture, he is the creator of the photo, so he owns the copyright, even if the school owns the camera, especially since he didn't sign any waivers that would change that.

Incorrect. Even though the school owns the camera, the student is the one who put in the creative work to capture the picture, so he owns the copyright to the photos. The school could have had the student sign an agreement that the school would own the copyright, but that didn't happen here.

Incorrect. The principal really has nothing to do with the pictures in this case. Even though the school owned the camera equipment, because the student put the creative work into taking the photo, he got a copyright for his photos the moment he clicked the button on his camera.

Incorrect. Since 1977, you don't have to register anything to get a copyright. You get a copyright the moment you create something that's slightly original and fixed in a tangible medium. The student in this case had a copyright to the pictures the moment he clicked the button on his camera; no registration needed.

Incorrect. The First Amendment was made to protect a free press and the free expression of ideas. Censorship can take many forms, including stealing a newspaper to make sure people don't read a particular story. This is exactly the type of thing that the First Amendment protects.

Incorrect. Remember, the First Amendment only protects you against government actors, so whether or not it would protect you in this case depends on who stole the papers. If it was a school employee or administrator, they are government actors that could violate your First Amendment rights. If it was just a group of students pulling a prank, the First Amendment would not protect you against them. Even so, many states have special criminal newspaper theft laws that apply to everyone.

Correct! Remember, the First Amendment only protects you against government actors, so while students pulling a prank would not be covered, public school employee or administrators would be responsible for violating your First Amendment rights if they stole the papers to keep the story from getting out.